Ethnographic Action Research is a methodology that combines research with project development. It has been designed for Information and Communication Technology (ICT) initiatives. Ethnographic Action Research is built into an initiative so that it becomes an important tool for understanding and further developing the initiative in its local context. This handbook is designed to train EAR researchers to continually develop and deepen their understandings of communication in local contexts. A well trained EAR researcher will share this knowledge with colleagues to develop the ICT initiative's programme accordingly. A well trained EAR researcher will ensure that there are high levels of participation in both research activities and the programmes of the ICT initiative.